Voyeuristic Disorder

Voyeuristic disorder is characterized by recurrent sexual arousal from observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity. Etiology involves neurobiological, psychological, and developmental factors. Clinically, individuals experience intense urges or behaviors causing distress, impairment, or legal issues. Diagnosis is clinical, based on DSM-5 criteria, ensuring differentiation from consensual sexual behavior. Management includes psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and, in some cases, pharmacologic interventions to reduce paraphilic urges.