Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency is transient ischemia of the posterior circulation. Clinical features include vertigo, diplopia, dysarthria, ataxia, and drop attacks. Etiology includes atherosclerosis, arterial dissection, or embolic phenomena. Pathophysiology involves reduced perfusion to brainstem and cerebellum. Diagnosis is clinical, supported by imaging and vascular studies. Management focuses on risk factor modification, antiplatelet therapy, and revascularization when indicated; prognosis depends on severity and recurrence prevention.