Uremic Encephalopathy

Uremic encephalopathy is a metabolic disorder resulting from accumulation of neurotoxic metabolites in chronic kidney disease. Clinical features include confusion, asterixis, tremor, seizures, and coma in severe cases. Pathophysiology involves altered neurotransmission, osmotic imbalances, and cerebral edema. Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment and laboratory confirmation of renal failure. Management includes renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis), correction of metabolic derangements, and supportive care; prognosis improves with timely dialysis, but severe cases may result in permanent deficits.