Tumefactive Multiple Sclerosis

TMS is a rare variant of MS presenting with large demyelinating lesions mimicking tumors. Clinical features include focal neurological deficits, seizures, and mass effect symptoms. Pathophysiology involves inflammatory demyelination with relative axonal preservation. Diagnosis relies on MRI, CSF analysis, and exclusion of neoplasm or infection. Management includes high-dose corticosteroids, disease-modifying therapy, and symptomatic care; prognosis is variable, with some patients experiencing relapsing–remitting MS course.