Tourette Syndrome

Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics beginning in childhood. Etiology involves genetic predisposition and dysfunction of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits. Pathophysiology includes dopaminergic dysregulation in basal ganglia. Diagnosis is clinical based on DSM-5 criteria. Management includes behavioral therapy, pharmacologic interventions (antipsychotics, alpha-2 agonists), and supportive care; prognosis is generally favorable, with symptom improvement in adulthood.