Tic Disorder

Tic disorders involve sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movements or vocalizations. Etiology includes genetic predisposition, neurobiological dysfunction, and environmental factors. Clinically, patients display repetitive motor or vocal tics causing functional or social impairment. Diagnosis is clinical, based on duration and exclusion of secondary causes. Management includes behavioral therapy (habit reversal) and pharmacologic interventions in severe cases.