Seizure Disorder

Seizure disorder, or epilepsy, is a chronic neurological condition defined by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Etiologies include genetic, structural, metabolic, infectious, and idiopathic causes. Pathophysiology involves abnormal synchronous neuronal firing in cortical networks. Diagnosis relies on clinical history, EEG, and neuroimaging. Management includes antiepileptic medications, surgical resection for refractory cases, and lifestyle modification; prognosis varies with etiology, seizure type, and treatment response.