Pseudotumor Cerebri

Pseudotumor cerebri is characterized by elevated intracranial pressure without mass lesion or hydrocephalus. Clinical features include headache, papilledema, visual disturbances, and tinnitus. Etiology is often idiopathic, though secondary causes include medications and systemic disease. Pathophysiology involves impaired CSF absorption or venous outflow obstruction. Diagnosis is based on clinical features, neuroimaging, and lumbar puncture. Management includes weight loss, acetazolamide, optic nerve sheath fenestration, or CSF shunting; prognosis depends on timely visual preservation.