Pseudobulbar Palsy

Pseudobulbar palsy involves bilateral corticobulbar tract lesions, resulting in dysarthria, dysphagia, and emotional lability. Etiologies include stroke, multiple sclerosis, ALS, or traumatic brain injury. Pathophysiology involves upper motor neuron dysfunction affecting cranial nerve nuclei. Diagnosis is clinical, supported by neuroimaging. Management includes speech therapy, dietary modification, and pharmacologic management for emotional lability; prognosis depends on underlying cause.