Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is characterized by mood lability, irritability, depression, and somatic symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, causing significant distress or impairment. Etiology involves hormonal fluctuations, neurotransmitter sensitivity, and genetic predisposition. Clinically, patients report emotional and physical symptoms recurring each menstrual cycle. Diagnosis requires prospective symptom tracking and exclusion of other psychiatric disorders. Management includes lifestyle modification, SSRIs, hormonal therapy, and cognitive-behavioral interventions.