Optic Neuritis

Optic neuritis is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the optic nerve, often associated with multiple sclerosis. Clinical features include unilateral vision loss, pain with eye movement, and visual field defects. Pathophysiology involves autoimmune-mediated demyelination and axonal injury of the optic nerve. Diagnosis relies on clinical examination, MRI of the orbits and brain, and visual evoked potentials. Management includes high-dose corticosteroids to accelerate recovery; prognosis is generally favorable, with most patients regaining functional vision, though recurrence may occur.