Opsoclonus–myoclonus Syndrome

OMS is a rare disorder characterized by chaotic, multidirectional eye movements (opsoclonus), myoclonus, ataxia, and behavioral disturbances. Etiologies include paraneoplastic (often neuroblastoma in children) or autoimmune mechanisms. Pathophysiology involves immune-mediated disruption of cerebellar and brainstem circuits. Diagnosis relies on clinical features, neuroimaging to identify tumors, and antibody testing. Management includes immunotherapy (corticosteroids, IVIG, rituximab) and tumor treatment when applicable; prognosis depends on early intervention, with some patients experiencing persistent neurological deficits.