Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

NPH is characterized by ventriculomegaly with normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure, causing gait disturbance, urinary incontinence, and cognitive decline. Etiology may be idiopathic or secondary to hemorrhage, infection, or trauma. Pathophysiology involves impaired CSF absorption and ventricular enlargement. Diagnosis is based on clinical triad, imaging, and CSF studies. Management includes ventriculoperitoneal shunting; prognosis is favorable for gait improvement, less predictable for cognition.