Muscular Dystrophy

Muscular dystrophies are a group of inherited disorders characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness and degeneration. Etiology includes mutations in structural proteins such as dystrophin, sarcoglycans, and laminin. Pathophysiology involves myofiber necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Diagnosis relies on genetic testing, muscle biopsy, and clinical evaluation. Management is supportive, including physiotherapy, orthopedic interventions, and cardiopulmonary monitoring; prognosis varies with subtype.