Kernicterus

Kernicterus is a bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction occurring in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, opisthotonos, choreoathetoid movements, and hearing loss. Pathophysiology involves bilirubin deposition in basal ganglia and brainstem nuclei, causing neuronal injury. Diagnosis is clinical, supported by bilirubin levels and neuroimaging. Management focuses on prevention with phototherapy or exchange transfusion; prognosis is poor if neurological injury occurs.