Hippocampal Sclerosis

Hippocampal sclerosis is characterized by neuronal loss and gliosis in the hippocampus, frequently associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. Etiologies include prolonged febrile seizures, ischemia, or idiopathic causes. Pathophysiology involves excitotoxic injury and neuronal degeneration. Diagnosis relies on MRI, EEG, and clinical seizure history. Management includes antiepileptic therapy, with surgical resection considered in refractory cases; prognosis depends on seizure control and hippocampal damage.