Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a genetically diverse disorder characterized by progressive lower limb spasticity and weakness. Etiology includes mutations affecting axonal transport and myelination in corticospinal tracts. Diagnosis relies on clinical features, family history, genetic testing, and exclusion of acquired causes. Management is symptomatic, including spasticity control, physiotherapy, and orthotic support. Prognosis is variable; pure forms progress slowly, while complicated forms may involve additional neurologic deficits.