Headache Disorder

Headache disorders encompass primary (migraine, tension-type, cluster) and secondary headaches caused by underlying pathology. Pathophysiology varies, involving neurovascular dysregulation, cortical spreading depression, trigeminovascular activation, or structural lesions. Diagnosis relies on clinical criteria, patient history, and exclusion of secondary causes. Management includes pharmacologic treatment, lifestyle modifications, and preventive strategies. Prognosis is generally good for primary headaches but depends on identification and management of secondary causes.