Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive primary astrocytic brain tumor, classified as grade IV by the WHO. Clinical manifestations include headache, seizures, focal neurological deficits, and cognitive impairment. Pathophysiology involves rapid proliferation, angiogenesis, and diffuse infiltration of surrounding brain tissue. Diagnosis is made by MRI and histopathological confirmation via biopsy. Management includes maximal safe surgical resection, radiotherapy, and temozolomide chemotherapy; prognosis is poor, with median survival of 12–18 months despite aggressive therapy.