Focal Epilepsy

Focal epilepsy refers to seizures originating within a localized region of the cerebral cortex, with symptoms reflecting the functional anatomy of the affected area. Etiologies include structural lesions (tumors, cortical dysplasia), trauma, infection, and genetic mutations. Diagnosis relies on EEG, MRI, and seizure semiology. Management includes antiepileptic drugs, surgical resection for refractory cases, and lifestyle modifications. Prognosis is generally favorable, though seizure control varies depending on lesion type and treatment responsiveness.