Febrile Seizures

Febrile seizures are acute, seizure episodes occurring in children aged 6 months to 5 years in the context of fever without CNS infection. Pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving genetic susceptibility and hyperexcitable neuronal networks during fever. They are classified as simple (generalized, <15 minutes) or complex (focal, >15 minutes, or recurrent). Diagnosis is clinical, with exclusion of CNS infection and metabolic causes. Management is generally supportive, with anticonvulsants reserved for prolonged or recurrent seizures; prognosis is excellent, with minimal long-term neurological sequelae.