Encopresis

Encopresis is the repeated passage of feces in inappropriate places by a child aged four years or older, not attributable to organic gastrointestinal disease. Etiology includes chronic constipation, stool withholding, psychosocial stress, and behavioral conditioning. Clinically, patients present with involuntary fecal soiling, abdominal discomfort, and social embarrassment. Diagnosis requires exclusion of gastrointestinal pathology, structured history, and behavioral assessment. Management involves bowel regimen optimization, behavioral interventions, and psychoeducation for the patient and caregivers. Prognosis is favorable with timely recognition and adherence to treatment, though chronic cases may persist without intervention.