Dysautonomia

Dysautonomia refers to a group of disorders involving autonomic nervous system dysfunction, affecting cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, thermoregulatory, and sudomotor functions. Etiologies include primary autonomic failure, secondary to systemic disease, or post-viral syndromes. Clinical manifestations include orthostatic hypotension, syncope, tachycardia, gastrointestinal dysmotility, and urinary dysfunction. Diagnosis involves autonomic function testing, tilt-table testing, and laboratory evaluation. Management is symptomatic, including pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic strategies; prognosis varies with underlying etiology and severity.