Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) is a pediatric mood disorder characterized by severe, recurrent temper outbursts and persistent irritability disproportionate to the situation. Etiology includes genetic susceptibility, environmental stressors, and neurodevelopmental factors affecting emotional regulation. Clinically, children present with frequent verbal or behavioral outbursts occurring three or more times per week, with chronically irritable or angry mood between episodes. Diagnosis requires longitudinal assessment, exclusion of bipolar disorder, and confirmation of functional impairment in multiple settings. Management incorporates cognitive-behavioral interventions, parent training, and pharmacotherapy for severe mood dysregulation or comorbid conditions. Prognosis is variable, with early intervention improving social functioning and reducing long-term risk for depressive and anxiety disorders.