Dementia With Lewy Bodies

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, fluctuating attention, visual hallucinations, and parkinsonism. Pathophysiology involves abnormal alpha-synuclein protein deposition in cortical and subcortical neurons. Diagnosis is clinical, supported by biomarkers such as dopaminergic imaging and neuropsychological testing. Management includes cholinesterase inhibitors, careful use of dopaminergic agents for motor symptoms, and treatment of psychiatric manifestations. Prognosis is poor, with progressive disability and increased susceptibility to falls, autonomic dysfunction, and neuropsychiatric complications.