Brown–Séquard Syndrome

Brown–Séquard syndrome is a hemisection injury of the spinal cord resulting in ipsilateral motor paralysis and loss of proprioception, with contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation below the lesion. Etiologies include trauma, tumors, ischemia, or inflammatory conditions. Pathophysiology involves disruption of the corticospinal tract, dorsal columns, and spinothalamic tract at the level of the lesion. Diagnosis is clinical, supported by MRI of the spinal cord to delineate the site and cause. Management focuses on addressing the underlying cause, rehabilitation, and supportive therapy; prognosis varies, with partial recovery of motor and sensory function possible depending on the extent of cord injury.