Brain Tumor

Brain tumors encompass primary or metastatic neoplasms affecting the central nervous system, with diverse histopathological subtypes. Pathophysiology involves uncontrolled cellular proliferation leading to mass effect, edema, and disruption of neural pathways. Clinical manifestations vary by location and include headache, seizures, focal deficits, cognitive changes, and increased intracranial pressure. Diagnosis requires neuroimaging (MRI preferred) and histopathological confirmation via biopsy. Management includes surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination, with prognosis dependent on tumor type, grade, and treatment responsiveness.