Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Body dysmorphic disorder is characterized by preoccupation with perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance, which are not observable or appear minor to others. Etiology involves genetic predisposition, cognitive distortions, and neurobiological abnormalities in visual and affective processing networks. Clinically, patients exhibit repetitive behaviors such as mirror checking, camouflaging, or seeking cosmetic procedures, along with significant distress and functional impairment in social or occupational domains. Diagnosis is based on clinical assessment and exclusion of normal appearance concerns or other psychiatric disorders. Management includes cognitive-behavioral therapy specifically targeting body image distortions and pharmacotherapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Prognosis varies, with earlier intervention improving functional outcomes and reducing risk of chronicity.