Autism Spectrum Disorder

ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors. Etiology is multifactorial, encompassing genetic predisposition, epigenetic regulation, and environmental factors. Clinical presentation varies widely, ranging from subtle social difficulties to severe impairment in language and adaptive functioning. Diagnosis is based on behavioral assessment according to DSM-5 criteria, with standardized screening tools aiding early detection. Management involves behavioral interventions, speech and occupational therapy, educational support, and comorbidity management, with outcomes influenced by early diagnosis and intervention.