Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Predominantly Inattentive Presentation)

This neurodevelopmental disorder is characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, distractibility, and disorganization without significant hyperactive or impulsive behaviors. Etiology involves genetic factors, altered dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission, and structural and functional brain differences, particularly in prefrontal and parietal regions. Clinically, patients exhibit difficulty sustaining attention, forgetfulness, poor task follow-through, and academic underachievement. Diagnosis requires comprehensive clinical evaluation, corroborative history from multiple sources, and exclusion of other psychiatric or medical conditions. Management includes behavioral interventions, educational accommodations, and pharmacotherapy with stimulant or non-stimulant medications. Prognosis varies, with early recognition and intervention improving functional outcomes.