North Carolina Neurological Foundation (NCNF)

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (Combined Presentation)

The combined presentation involves both inattention and hyperactive–impulsive symptoms, reflecting the most pervasive manifestation of ADHD. Pathophysiology involves complex interactions of genetic predisposition, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and brain network abnormalities. Clinically, patients exhibit both inattentive behaviors and hyperactive–impulsive symptoms, resulting in functional impairment across academic, occupational, and social domains. Diagnosis requires assessment of symptom criteria across multiple settings, with exclusion of comorbid conditions. Management integrates behavioral interventions, psychoeducation, and pharmacologic treatment. Prognosis is improved with early diagnosis and multimodal intervention.