Aphasia

Aphasia is an acquired language disorder resulting from focal lesions in the dominant cerebral hemisphere, most commonly due to ischemic stroke or trauma. Subtypes include Broca, Wernicke, global, and conduction aphasia, each reflecting specific cortical involvement. Clinical evaluation involves detailed assessment of fluency, comprehension, repetition, and naming. Neuroimaging, typically MRI or CT, is utilized to localize the lesion. Management combines speech and language therapy with treatment of underlying etiology, with prognosis dependent on lesion size, location, and early rehabilitation.