Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)

Acquired brain injury encompasses any structural or functional brain insult occurring after birth, resulting from trauma, ischemia, hypoxia, infection, or toxic/metabolic injury. Clinical manifestations vary widely, including cognitive deficits, executive dysfunction, behavioral changes, motor impairments, and speech or language disturbances. Neuroimaging (MRI or CT) and neuropsychological assessments are essential for characterization and prognosis. Management is multidisciplinary, combining acute stabilization with long-term rehabilitation encompassing physical, occupational, and speech therapy, along with psychological support. Prognosis depends on injury severity, lesion location, and timeliness of intervention, with early rehabilitation improving functional outcomes.