Myoclonus

Myoclonus is a movement disorder characterized by sudden, brief, involuntary muscle jerks. Etiologies include metabolic, neurodegenerative, epileptic, or drug-induced causes. Pathophysiology involves abnormal neuronal excitability in cortical, subcortical, or spinal networks. Diagnosis is based on clinical observation, electrophysiology, and investigation of underlying causes. Management involves treating underlying disorders and symptomatic therapy with antiepileptics; prognosis depends on etiology.