Multiple Sclerosis

MS is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, characterized by relapsing-remitting or progressive neurological deficits. Clinical features include sensory disturbances, motor weakness, optic neuritis, and cognitive dysfunction. Pathophysiology involves immune-mediated destruction of myelin and axonal injury. Diagnosis is based on clinical assessment, MRI, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and exclusion of mimics. Management includes disease-modifying therapies, symptomatic treatment, and rehabilitation; prognosis varies, with relapsing forms generally having better outcomes.