Migraine

Migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent moderate-to-severe headaches, often unilateral, associated with nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia. Pathophysiology involves cortical spreading depression, trigeminovascular activation, and neurovascular inflammation. Diagnosis is clinical, based on headache patterns and exclusion of secondary causes. Management includes acute therapy with triptans or NSAIDs, preventive therapy with beta-blockers, antiepileptics, or CGRP antagonists, and lifestyle modification. Prognosis is variable, with episodic or chronic courses impacting quality of life.