Meningoencephalitis

Meningoencephalitis involves simultaneous inflammation of the brain parenchyma and meninges. Clinical features include fever, headache, seizures, altered consciousness, and focal neurological deficits. Pathophysiology involves infectious or autoimmune processes causing neuronal and meningeal injury. Diagnosis relies on cerebrospinal fluid analysis, neuroimaging, EEG, and serologic testing. Management includes targeted antimicrobial or immunotherapy and supportive care; prognosis depends on etiology, severity, and timeliness of intervention.