Toxic Leukoencephalopathy

Toxic leukoencephalopathy is characterized by diffuse white matter injury due to exposure to toxins, chemotherapeutic agents, or drugs. Clinical features include cognitive impairment, ataxia, and motor deficits. Pathophysiology involves direct toxic injury to oligodendrocytes and demyelination. Diagnosis relies on clinical history, MRI showing white matter changes, and exclusion of other causes. Management includes cessation of offending agent, supportive care, and rehabilitation; prognosis varies from reversible to permanent deficits.