Tension-type Headache

TTH is the most common primary headache disorder, characterized by bilateral, pressing or tightening head pain of mild to moderate intensity. Etiology includes muscular tension, stress, and central sensitization. Pathophysiology involves dysregulation of nociceptive pathways and pericranial muscle hyperactivity. Diagnosis is clinical, based on International Headache Society criteria. Management includes analgesics, lifestyle modification, stress management, and preventive therapy; prognosis is generally favorable with proper management.