Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome

RCVS is characterized by sudden-onset, severe “thunderclap” headaches and reversible segmental vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries. Etiologies include idiopathic cases, postpartum state, and vasoactive substance exposure. Pathophysiology involves transient dysregulation of cerebral vascular tone. Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, vascular imaging (MRA/CTA), and exclusion of secondary causes. Management is supportive, including calcium channel blockers and avoidance of triggers; prognosis is generally favorable, with full resolution of vasoconstriction in most patients.