Restless Legs Syndrome

RLS is a sensorimotor disorder characterized by an urge to move the legs, usually accompanied by uncomfortable sensations, worsening at rest and nighttime. Etiology may be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to iron deficiency, renal failure, or neuropathy. Pathophysiology involves dopaminergic dysfunction and altered central nervous system iron metabolism. Diagnosis is clinical, supported by symptom criteria and exclusion of mimics. Management includes dopaminergic agents, gabapentinoids, iron supplementation, and behavioral strategies; prognosis is chronic but manageable with therapy.