West Syndrome

West syndrome is an infantile epileptic encephalopathy characterized by epileptic spasms, hypsarrhythmia on EEG, and developmental regression. Etiology includes genetic, structural, and metabolic causes. Pathophysiology involves abnormal cortical excitability and network dysregulation. Diagnosis relies on clinical recognition and EEG. Management includes ACTH, vigabatrin, and supportive care; prognosis is variable, with cognitive outcomes influenced by underlying cause and treatment timing.