Acoustic Neuroma (Vestibular Schwannoma)

Acoustic neuroma is a benign, slow-growing tumor arising from Schwann cells of the vestibular portion of cranial nerve VIII. Patients commonly present with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and imbalance; larger tumors may compress adjacent cranial nerves or brainstem structures, causing facial weakness or hydrocephalus. MRI with gadolinium enhancement is the diagnostic modality of choice. Therapeutic strategies include observation for asymptomatic, small tumors, microsurgical excision, or stereotactic radiosurgery, depending on size, growth, and patient factors. Prognosis is generally excellent with early diagnosis, though cranial nerve deficits may persist post-intervention.