Wallenberg Syndrome

Wallenberg syndrome (lateral medullary syndrome) is caused by infarction of the lateral medulla, often due to vertebral or posterior inferior cerebellar artery occlusion. Clinical features include ipsilateral facial sensory loss, contralateral body pain/temperature loss, dysphagia, hoarseness, vertigo, and ataxia. Pathophysiology involves ischemia affecting spinothalamic, trigeminal, and vestibular pathways. Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment and MRI. Management includes supportive care, antiplatelet therapy, and rehabilitation; prognosis varies, with many patients achieving partial recovery.