Fahr Disease

Fahr disease, or familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification, is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bilateral intracranial calcifications. Clinical features include movement disorders, cognitive decline, psychiatric symptoms, and speech disturbances. Etiology is usually genetic, with autosomal dominant inheritance in many cases. Diagnosis relies on neuroimaging (CT showing basal ganglia calcifications) and exclusion of secondary causes. Management is symptomatic, addressing movement abnormalities and neuropsychiatric manifestations; prognosis is variable, often with progressive neurological deterioration.