Concussion

Concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury resulting from biomechanical forces, causing transient neurological dysfunction. Clinical features include headache, confusion, amnesia, dizziness, and cognitive disturbances, often without overt structural lesions on imaging. Pathophysiology involves ionic fluxes, metabolic dysfunction, and transient axonal injury. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, guided by standardized assessment tools (e.g., SCAT5). Management is supportive, emphasizing physical and cognitive rest, gradual return to activity, and symptom monitoring; prognosis is generally favorable, though some patients develop post-concussive syndrome.