Central Cord Syndrome

Central cord syndrome is the most common incomplete spinal cord injury, often resulting from hyperextension trauma in the setting of cervical spondylosis. It primarily affects the central gray matter of the cervical cord, resulting in disproportionately greater motor impairment of the upper extremities compared to lower extremities, along with sensory deficits. Diagnosis is clinical, supported by MRI to assess cord edema, hemorrhage, or compression. Management is individualized, including immobilization, surgical decompression if indicated, and intensive rehabilitation. Prognosis varies, with most patients experiencing substantial recovery of lower extremity function and variable upper extremity recovery.