Binswanger Disease

Binswanger disease, or subcortical vascular dementia, results from chronic small vessel ischemic disease affecting white matter, particularly periventricular regions. Clinical features include progressive cognitive impairment, gait disturbances, urinary incontinence, and mood changes. Etiology involves hypertension, diabetes, and other vascular risk factors leading to arteriolosclerosis. Diagnosis is confirmed via MRI showing extensive white matter hyperintensities, lacunar infarcts, and clinical correlation. Management focuses on controlling vascular risk factors, cognitive rehabilitation, and symptomatic therapy; prognosis is progressive, with gradual decline in cognitive and motor function.