Alzheimer Disease

Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia, characterized by deposition of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Clinical features include insidious memory loss, executive dysfunction, language impairment, and behavioral changes. Diagnosis involves cognitive assessment, MRI to exclude secondary causes, and biomarkers such as cerebrospinal fluid tau and amyloid levels. Management is primarily symptomatic, employing cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists, and supportive care. Prognosis is progressive, with gradual decline in cognitive and functional abilities leading to dependence and mortality.