Adjustment Disorder With Mixed Anxiety and Depressed Mood

This disorder manifests as a combination of anxiety and depressive symptoms triggered by an identifiable stressor. Pathophysiology involves maladaptive stress-response mechanisms, including dysregulation of the HPA axis and monoaminergic neurotransmission. Clinically, patients exhibit persistent worry, tension, low mood, sleep disturbance, and impaired concentration, often interfering with daily functioning. Diagnosis relies on temporal correlation with a stressor, symptom severity disproportionate to the stressor, and exclusion of primary mood or anxiety disorders. Therapeutic interventions primarily involve psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral strategies, along with supportive counseling. Pharmacologic treatment may be considered in severe or persistent cases, targeting specific symptoms. Prognosis is generally favorable, with resolution expected upon adaptation to the stressor or stressor removal.